TODAY IN JUDAISM: Monday, April 18, 2011

B"H

Nissan 14, 5771 * April 18, 2011

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T O D A Y I N J U D A I S M
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* Laws * Customs * Jewish History * Daily Quote * Daily Study *

Today is: Monday, Nissan 14, 5771
Erev Pesach ('Eve of Passover') - First Seder tonight

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Today's Laws & Customs
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· Fast of the Firstborn

Firstborn males over the age of Bar Mitzvah (13) are obligated to fast on the 14th of Nissan, in recognition of the fact that during the "Plague of the Firstborn" (which occurred at midnight of Nissan 15) G-d "passed over" the Jewish firstborn when He killed all firstborn Egyptians. If there is a firstborn male in the family under 13, the obligation to fast rests with the father. The prevailing custom, however, is for the firstborn to exempt themselves from the obligation to fast by participating in a seudat mitzvah (a meal marking the fulfillment of a mitzvah), such as a siyyum--a festive meal celebrating the conclusion of the study of a section of Torah).

· Chametz Eating Deadline

The Torah (Exodus 12:15, as per Talmud, Pesachim 5a) sets midday of Nissan 14--today--as the deadline for the destruction and/or removal of all leavened foods ("chametz") from our possession in preparation for the festival of Passover, which begins this evening at nightfall. In practice, Torah law mandates that we desist from eating chametz two hours before midday, and that no leaven remain in our possession an hour before midday. These are not clock hours but "proportional hours", defined by Jewish law as a 12th part of the time between sunrise and sunset.

Click here [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=57DE2C0AFA83B916E1C7A5CE4249AD59&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ] for the chametz eating deadline for your location.

From this point until the end of the festival of Passover, it is forbidden to eat leaven, or anything containing even the slightest trace of leaven.

Links: What is Chametz [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=D8A8FEC97F76E2BFEA11F2907AC6DBF9&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ]; A Speck of Flour [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=6E6E9F44BF4394CBAF9892D71654714C&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ]; The Escape Hatch [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=F0BB1CED81512022F6B4E2F5B7C18D8E&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ]

· Burn and Nullify Chametz

Chametz is disposed of by: a) selling [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=DA727C845A7C163CE3633D3CC918FAA9&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ] it to a non-Jew; b) burning [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=76D209A0A05B164E205B1D96D1584814&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ] the chametz found in our search on the previous evening (see entry for Nissan 13 [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=976EFA623C07A2AADD17F4439435F694&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ]); c) "nullifying [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=B6289E1C382FF8E531DE03E75EE074B2&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ]" the chametz that has not been found by declaring it ownerless.

The deadline for selling, burning and nullifying chametz is one "proportional hour" before midday.Click here [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=57DE2C0AFA83B916E1C7A5CE4249AD59&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ] for the precise time for your location. From this point until the end of the festival of Passover, it is forbidden to eat leaven, derive benefit from it in any way, own it or have it in one's possession.

See the Getting-Rid-of-Chametz Wizard [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=B6289E1C382FF8E531DE03E75EE074B2&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ] for more detailed instructions.

Links: More about Leaven [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=23625CCD825050D87794A5AF86B442F0&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ]

· Passover Offering

When the Holy Temple stood in Jerusalem, the Passover offering was brought there on the afternoon of Nissan 14. Today it is commemorated by our recitation of the "Order of the Passover Offering" this afternoon, by the "shankbone" placed on the seder plate this evening, and the afikoman -- a portion of matzah eaten in its stead at the end of the seder meal.

Links: About the Passover offering [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=11E26DE1382D919DEEEE5B95E04A93A9&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ]

· Passover Seder Tonight

The 8-day festival of Passover--also called "The Festival of Matzahs" and "The Time of Our Freedom"--begins tonight at nightfall.

In the evening, we conduct a seder ("order") -- a 15-part ritualistic feast that encompasses the observances of the Passover festival: telling our children the story of the Exodus as described and expounded in the Haggadah; eating the matzah (unleavened bread), the bitter herbs dipped in charoset, and the afikoman (an additional portion of matzah eaten as "dessert" in commemoration of the Passover offering); drinking the four cups of wine; and numerous other symbolic foods and rituals commemorating both our slavery in Egypt and our liberation on this night.

Links:
www.Passover.org [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=BA138ECABBEDE60ED7F69481E789AC72&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ] includes a Seder guide, text of the Haggadah, in-depth studies, and more
The Seder Wizard [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=4DE28ED8F706F542028278B18AF1F267&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ] is a step-by-step guide to conducting the Seder

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Today in Jewish History
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· Maimonides Born (1135)

Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, Talmudist, Halachist, physician, philosopher and communal leader, known in the Jewish world by the acronym "Rambam" and to the world at large as "Maimonides", was born in Cordova, Spain, on the 14th of Nissan of the year 4895 from creation--1135 of the Common Era [more... [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=29B771052F4FDCF9B6A6B19E1BB4AAE5&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ]]

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Daily Quote
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"And Abraham was old, and come along in days" (Genesis 24:1). A person can grow old by merely passing through his days. But the righteous person accumulates his days and bring them along with him: having realized each day's potential, they are fully possessed by him.

- Zohar

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Daily Study
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Chitas and Rambam for today:

Chumash: Kedoshim, 2nd Portion Leviticus 19:15-19:22 with Rashi
· English Text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=F08D7ED7EA972739ACBC26E5B5F79FFF&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

Tehillim: Chapters 72 - 76
· Hebrew text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=DD2C8C4E7AB1BF3ED849EBCFC016AD8B&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· English text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=D0FE73B8C024AFDA154DE8AFF1F9A21F&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

Tanya: Likutei Amarim, middle of Chapter 41
· Lesson in Tanya:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=B61C83930CCADAFE75047CDBFF5B52EE&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· Tanya Audio Class:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=42D00B5B10D22928B760F4577E77C4CA&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

Rambam:
· Sefer Hamitzvos:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=28F380D8BAFCCA68F948149E86A91EE9&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· 1 Chapter: Kelim Chap. 13
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=EBEFE0FCD99844EE454ED0CE9ED1E090&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· 3 Chapters: Kri'at Shema Chapter One, Kri'at Shema Chapter Two, Teshuvah Chapter Ten
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=751C9C028D25FFB7B4A5647DC7BE2A46&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

Hayom Yom:
· English Text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=5EBDD8DAF7DE058B18C46806BC20A35F&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

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