суббота, 28 января 2012 г.

TODAY IN JUDAISM: Sunday, January 29, 2012

B"H
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Dedicated in memory of Alicia Djaddah de Saba bat Margarita.
(Dedicate an email: http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=6B33CC95996EFE11BE3BE8975709CB44&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Shevat 5, 5772 * January 29, 2012

=================================
T O D A Y I N J U D A I S M
=================================

* Laws * Customs * Jewish History * Daily Quote * Daily Study *

Today is: Sunday, Shvat 5, 5772

=======================
Today in Jewish History
=======================

· R. Yehudah Leib Alter of Ger (1905)

Rabbi Yehudah Leib Alter (1847-1905), the second Rebbe in the Chassidic dynasty of Ger -- known for his famed Chassidic work "Sefat Emmet" -- passed away on the 5th of Shevat of the year 5665 from creation (1905). He was succeeded by his son, Rabbi Abraham Mordechai.

Link: a quote [ # ] from Sefat Emmet

===========
Daily Quote
===========

"Our toil" -- these are the children

- Haggaddah


===========
Daily Study
===========

Chitas and Rambam for today:

Chumash: Beshalach, 1st Portion Exodus 13:17-14:8 with Rashi
· English Text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=4DE2D6E940E5CA0F511D1C1EE3ABABE7&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 · Live Video Class:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=E7B941D84E21CDA795AD7DBF34A7D68A&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

Tehillim: Chapters 29 - 34
· Hebrew text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=99888C8471445D57F74124253EF213DF&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· English text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=F4FAF02B9E3F2C69CA5D35C7C7CCA15C&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

Tanya: Likutei Amarim, beginning of Chapter 20
· Lesson in Tanya:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=51B39C31AB39924BC01EC6628B39D1BF&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· Hebrew Text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=DCB6D52CA841DC58E5BFD37878BFF0ED&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· Tanya Audio Class:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=0A266D9C91978D2655C1EB0DD5468D7E&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· Live Video Class:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=2019C798942D0F6EC1254DDCEA65F8E6&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

Rambam:
· Sefer Hamitzvos:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=6B9CFECE33C0B2B22BAD89C11AE4DF7D&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· 1 Chapter: Edut Chapter 22
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=0709896602ED6789B3A5BF5C21792F36&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· 3 Chapters: To`en veNit`an Chapter 7, To`en veNit`an Chapter 8, To`en veNit`an Chapter 9
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=5A65ECD2681EF4E47D0ED5C65B81CC91&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

Hayom Yom:
· English Text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=E59863F047442112A02FC4E030EF00E7&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

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Kulturologia.Ru | Искусство во всех проявлениях (5 сообщений)

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пятница, 27 января 2012 г.

TODAY IN JUDAISM: Shabbat, January 28, 2012

B"H
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Dedicated in memory of Alicia Djaddah de Saba bat Margarita.
(Dedicate an email: http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=CC303A93C99FA7EFB2C4D937E2DE752C&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Shevat 4, 5772 * January 28, 2012

=================================
T O D A Y I N J U D A I S M
=================================

* Laws * Customs * Jewish History * Daily Quote * Daily Study *

Today is: Shabbat, Shvat 4, 5772

======================
Today's Laws & Customs
======================

· "Yud Shevat" Yahrtzeit observances

Chabad-Lubavitch Chassidim observe the special customs of the Shabbat prior to the yahrtzeit (anniversary of the passing) of the sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn (1880-1950), which occurs next week, on the 10th of Shevat.

Link: A Letter [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=50DC39C976ECA06F147F3CE3BD22C4B7&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ] from the Lubavitcher Rebbe outlining his suggested observances for the Shabbat preceding Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak's yahrtzeit.

=======================
Today in Jewish History
=======================

· Passing of R. Abraham Kalisker (1810)

Rabbi Abraham of Kalisk (1741-1810) was a controversial figure in the 3rd generation of Chassidic leaders. In his youth, he was a study partner of Rabbi Elijah "the Gaon of Vilna", who led the initial opposition against Chassidism; but later Rabbi Abraham himself joined the the forbidden kat ("sect", as the Chassidic movement was derisively called by its opponents) and became a disciple of Rabbi DovBer [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=CD026C572B9D90E77F58B6BCA8245274&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ], the Maggid of Mezeritch, the successor to Chassidism's founder, Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=5505289E1D14FE09492384936BB48BDB&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ]. After Rabbi DovBer's passing in 1772, much of the opposition to Chassidism was directed against Rabbi Abraham's disciples, who, more than any other group within the movement, mocked the intellectual elitism of the establishment's scholars and communal leaders; even Rabbi Abraham's own colleagues were dismayed by the "antics" of some of his disciples. In 1777, Rabbi Abraham joined the first Chassidic "aliyah", in which a group of more than 300 Chassidim led by Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk emigrated to the Holy Land. Rabbi Abraham passed away in Tiberias on the 4th of Shevat of the year 5570 from creation (1810 CE).

· R. Israel Abuchatzera (1984)

Rabbi Israel Abuchatzera (1890-1984), known as "Baba Sali," was born in Tafillalt, Morocco to the llustrious Abuchatzera family. From a young age he was renowned as a sage, miracle maker and master kabbalist. In 1964 he moved to the Holy Land, eventually settling in the southern development town he made famous, Netivot. He passed away in 1984 on the 4th of Shevat. His graveside in Netivot has become a holy site visited by thousands annually.

===========
Daily Study
===========

Chitas and Rambam for today:

Chumash: Bo, 7th Portion Exodus 13:1-13:16 with Rashi
· English Text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=AC2B73E7D31206C747514E711FDFC879&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 · Live Video Class:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=A3F40EFFF3248BD99C2A60B0BA92B818&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

Tehillim: Chapters 23 - 28
· Hebrew text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=5F7D990D630DE70C93AC0785096DD432&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· English text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=F3E0102BE9D448BA0116838AD961CF5E&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

Tanya: Likutei Amarim, end of Chapter 19
· Lesson in Tanya:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=74EE0FEDE89F97CF878468BE76D5DCBF&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· Hebrew Text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=C8FB3F6993ED8805C63B2A25014BE717&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· Tanya Audio Class:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=70C6CEBE270B7910F1E58B1A0B48F0F0&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· Live Video Class:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=9AD0F21EEDF2A2D8071548F97BAB0D97&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

Rambam:
· Sefer Hamitzvos:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=7993C61BD93D45F960CA7DD4A43B8874&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· 1 Chapter: Edut Chapter 21
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=1C70EBADF779C87A4C5CE2064010338B&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· 3 Chapters: To`en veNit`an Chapter 4, To`en veNit`an Chapter 5, To`en veNit`an Chapter 6
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=6ADF5045D4568E3FABD0EAEE960B29C5&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

Hayom Yom:
· English Text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=479AB371209F5C65721D3150921A54F0&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Check out our other Calendar Tools:

Candle Lighting anywhere: http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=453552048EA474074A9190C4B885BADE&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
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DAILY DOSE: Sustained Wonder

B"H


Sustained Wonder
================

This is the meaning of a Jew and Judaism, the very meaning of the word: To live in a state of sustained wonder. To know that there are things beyond human grasp. That the very existence of anything at all is beyond knowing. And then to strive to know.


A Daily Dose of Wisdom from the Rebbe
-words and condensation by Tzvi Freeman
Shevat 3, 5772 * January 27, 2012

To view this daily dose on the Web, or to post a comment, please click here: http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=30C3432DCCF228A69D45FEBACDD72AE3&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

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Chabad.org
Chabad Lubavitch Media Center
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Web: http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=FE78777AAAC515080E59A5A1F2B3A81A&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
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Автор: на Комментариев нет:

четверг, 26 января 2012 г.

TODAY IN JUDAISM: Friday, January 27, 2012

B"H
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Dedicated in memory of Alicia Djaddah de Saba bat Margarita.
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Shevat 3, 5772 * January 27, 2012

=================================
T O D A Y I N J U D A I S M
=================================

* Laws * Customs * Jewish History * Daily Quote * Daily Study *

Today is: Friday, Shvat 3, 5772

=======================
Today in Jewish History
=======================

· Passing of the Amshinover Rebbe (1935)

Shevat 3 is the yahrtzeit (anniversary of the passing) of Rabbi Yosef ben Rabbi Menachem Kalisch zt"l, the Amshinover Rebbe, in 1935.

===========
Daily Quote
===========

And Gâ€'d created Man in His own image, in the image of Gâ€'d He created him; male and female He created them.

- Genesis 1:27


===========
Daily Study
===========

Chitas and Rambam for today:

Chumash: Bo, 6th Portion Exodus 12:29-12:51 with Rashi
· English Text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=A8850AF2F5FB08A8567B3359475E81A7&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 · Live Video Class:
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Tehillim: Chapters 18 - 22
· Hebrew text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=9F6EEBCE64BFC3FC6C5CC52F9EEE3612&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· English text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=5B43BE855E782DD85073E74AED6F0596&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

Tanya: Likutei Amarim, middle of Chapter 19
· Lesson in Tanya:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=77351A57CC5C152F361C3263A803D63C&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2
· Hebrew Text:
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Rambam:
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· 1 Chapter: Edut Chapter 20
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· 3 Chapters: To`en veNit`an Chapter 1, To`en veNit`an Chapter 2, To`en veNit`an Chapter 3
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Hayom Yom:
· English Text:
http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=219FE143758560FEE916E47E21B7FF7D&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2

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PARSHAH PICKS: G-d Giveth, the Thief Taketh, No Children Allowed and more... (Bo)

B"H


Shevat 2, 5772 * January 26, 2012

======================================================================

W E E K L Y P A R S H A H P I C K S

Nutshell * Texts with Rashi * Columnists * Family Parshah
Chassidic Masters * Audio Classes * In Depth * More

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General Overview:

In this week's reading, Bo, the last three plagues – Locust, Darkness, and Death of the Firstborn – are inflicted upon the Egyptians. Moses commands the Israelites concerning the Paschal Offering and the laws of the seder. After the final plague, Pharaoh unconditionally releases the Israelites from his land.

======================================================================

THIS WEEK'S FEATURES:

G-d Giveth, the Thief Taketh (By Lazer Gurkow)
>> http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=41540CFE7033207BD01145CDDEE3D009&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2


THE PARSHAH


Bo in a Nutshell
Exodus 10:1–13:16

The innermost chamber in Pharaoh's palace, the midnight death of Egypt's firstborn, the Passover offering, the Exodus, unleavened bread—and what it all means according to sages and mystics from Moses to today.

>> http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=9153D2EA137CF39C2B74AE0086C60B93&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2


COLUMNISTS


No Children Allowed (By Mendel Kalmenson)

A debate between Moses and Pharaoh on the topic of: Do children and prayer go together?

>> http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=EC7594AC7DF3A149D50ACE878E6503C5&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2


Lamb or Kid? (By Malkie Janowski)
>> http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=20C77F03C4DD56D165DA4A9C4B1CCE7C&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2


Declaration of Independence? (By Levi Avtzon)

Imagine the scene. The Jews are still slaves in Egypt, and now for the very first time ever they will hear a Torah lesson. And it's about the moon. The moon?! Is that what's on the agenda?

>> http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=3DFEDCADE7D19C2A277575BB5DF50E1B&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2


FEATURED VIDEO


Bo—The Sun vs. the Moon (with Benny Rapoport)

In our Torah portion this week, G-d gives the Jewish people, this new nation that is set to embark on a journey to the Promised Land, their first mitzvah. What do you think that mitzvah would be?

WATCH (4:41) >> http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=5B99A7140037AC6CEA0EDDDD752C2C87&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2


Getting Ready for Passover (By Mendel Kaplan)
Practical Parshah - Bo

In this week's Torah portion, the Jews leave Egypt and receive the commandment to keep the Passover. What practical preparations are needed to be ready for Pesach?

WATCH (1:00:00) >> http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=E0D16467BC50B6CFCA1E242E43B55E7C&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2


When You Feel Powerless (By Chana Weisberg)
A Taste of Text—Bo

The catalyst for any awakening is action. Transformation begins as soon as we are ready to take the first step in the right direction.

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A five minute weekly Torah thought based on the teachings of Chassidut.

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Get a detailed overview of the weekly Torah portion sewn together with keen insights and timely life messages.

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QUESTION OF THE WEEK: The Sabbath, the International Date Line and Jewish Law

B"H


Shevat 2, 5772 * January 26, 2012

========================================
Q U E S T I O N O F T H E W E E K
========================================

The Sabbath, the International Date Line and Jewish Law
How does the change in Samoa affect Sabbath for the local Jews?
By Yehuda Shurpin
===============================================================

Dear Rabbi,

Now that the Pacific island of Samoa has changed from the east side of the International Date Line to the west—to be in sync with Australia and New Zealand, its main sources of tourism and business—I've been wondering if there are any implications in Jewish law [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=C85F53869B6435CAE057137B516F4C91&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ].

When will Samoan Jews and Jewish tourists observe the Sabbath [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=B647F81B67014833F04C8BE4E2898EC5&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ]?

Answer:

You ask a good question. Jews worldwide celebrate the Sabbath, or Shabbat [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=B647F81B67014833F04C8BE4E2898EC5&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ], on the seventh day of the week. But what happens when a country skips a day and changes their Friday to Saturday?

The concept of a date line, and the fact that a traveler would either gain or lose a day after circumnavigating the globe, had been discussed in Jewish works hundreds of years before the establishment of the International Date Line.

In fact, the first to articulate the need for a date line was the Jewish philosopher Rabbi Yehudah Halevi [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=69D839332955315BD5CE0F1EAB7C55EF&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ] (1075–1141), in his classic work, the Kuzari [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=69D839332955315BD5CE0F1EAB7C55EF&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ].[1] History of the International Date Line

In 1884 Greenwich, England, was chosen as the central point for time and date calculations (the prime meridian), and the International Date Line sits at exactly 180° longitude from there.

By using Greenwich as the prime meridian, the International Date Line falls conveniently in the Pacific Ocean. In those few areas where it should traverse a landmass, the line was slightly bent to avoid dividing countries.

The date line is not governed by international law, and it is up to the individual countries to choose which side of the line they wish to be on. Occasionally a country decides to switch sides, as the islands of Samoa and Tokelau did last week.

To determine the Jewish view on the date line and Sabbath observance, we must examine four major opinions in halachah, Jewish law. 1. 90° East of Jerusalem

Rabbi Zerachiah ben Isaac Halevi Gerondi[2] (12th century) and Rabbi Yehudah Halevi[3] opined that the date line runs 90° east of Jerusalem [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=8099C282B42D21B1D630A195044254EB&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ].

The reasoning behind their opinion is that we consider Israel, and more specifically Jerusalem, to be the center of the "inhabited" world (at that time). In other words, six hours, or 90°, to the east and west of Jerusalem at one time encompassed the entire known world. The other side of the world (i.e. the western hemisphere) was considered the "lands of the sea." Since the day begins to the east of Jerusalem, the quarter of the world to the west of Jerusalem, together with the entire western hemisphere, completes the day. Thus, the date line is 90°, a quarter of the globe, east of Jerusalem, or about 125° east of Greenwich.

The problem with this is that the date line would cut right through two huge landmasses—Asia (Russia, China, Korea) and Australia—and several Southeast Asian islands. You could end up with two people standing right next to each other, where for one the Sabbath is starting and for the other it is ending![4]

As such, Rabbi Avraham Yeshayah Karelitz, known as the Chazon Ish, bases the 90° on the knowledge that the major landmass to the east of Jerusalem ends at that point. Since the entire landmass is on one side of the date line, the line actually zigzags, and so Siberia, Korea, eastern China, and Australia are considered to be on the west of the date line, while Japan and New Zealand are on the east side.[5]

According to the Chazon Ish's date line, Sabbath in Japan and New Zealand is actually on Sunday.[6] 2. 180° East of Jerusalem

Rabbi Yechiel Michel Tucazinsky says that the date line runs 180° east of Jerusalem. He explains that because Jerusalem is considered the center of the land given to the Jewish people, it is also considered the center of the world according to Jewish law.[7] Therefore, the date line would be located exactly 180° opposite Jerusalem, which would also enable every Jew in the world to observe at least 12 hours of the Sabbath together with those who live in Jerusalem.[8]

Since Jerusalem is 35° east of Greenwich, the date line would be 35° east of the current International Date Line, or 145° west of Greenwich. Accordingly, Hawaii and parts of Alaska would be on the western side of the date line, and the Sabbath in Hawaii would be on Friday.

However, it is possible that according to this opinion the line would zigzag around Alaska, in order that it follow the majority of the landmass.[9] 3. Mid-Pacific: Closely Resembling the International Date Line

Rabbi David Shapira opined that the date line is approximately 135°, or 9 hours, east of Jerusalem. This would make the date line approximately 170° east of Greenwich, which is only 10° off the International Date Line. According to R. Shapira, however, the line zigzags, slanting toward the Siberian coast as it goes through the Bering Straits, and then through the Pacific at 177°. Then it turns east of New Zealand.

His rationale for this placement is based on the statement of our sages that G‑d positioned the sun in the heavens at the end of the third hour of the fourth day of creation.[10] Now, if it is the third hour of the day in Jerusalem, then three hours (45°) to the east of Jerusalem it would be noon, and nine hours (135°) east of Jerusalem the sun would be setting. To say that the sun was placed in the heavens on the fourth day, it must have been the fourth day on the entire planet. Therefore, we have to say that east of where the sun was setting, the fourth day was just beginning.[11]

Accordingly, Hawaii and Japan would observe the Sabbath on Saturday. 4. There is No Specific Date Line

According to Rabbi Menachem Kasher, since there is no clear tradition or Talmudic source, one should observe the Sabbath when the locals do. Since we, as individuals, are commanded to count six days and rest on the seventh[12], when the first Jews settled in remote areas (over a long period of time), they simply continued counting six days and resting on the seventh. It was only later, when travel became more frequent, that the question of changing the dates arose.[13]

As such, there is no need for any community to change dates from their established custom (which is basically the same as following the International Date Line). However, travelers continue counting six days from the last Sabbath they observed, and the seventh day is the Sabbath. Only once the travelers arrive at their destination would they follow the local Jewish community's Sabbath.[14] The Samoa Issue

The Jewish Telegraphic Agency tracked down one Jew living in Samoa, and there may be many more. When would this person mark future Sabbaths?

It would depend on which of the above opinions he follows.

According to the first opinion—that the date line is 90° east of Jerusalem—then it runs west of Samoa, so until now the Sabbath was on Saturday. But now that Samoa has switched to the western side of the International Date Line, Sabbath would actually be on Sunday.

According to the second opinion—that the date line runs 180° east of Jerusalem—these islands, as well as Hawaii, were always west of the line. So until now the Sabbath in Samoa was actually on Friday, but now it will be on Saturday.

If, according to the third opinion, we say that the date line is 135° east of Jerusalem, then it runs to the west of Fiji. This means that until now the Sabbath in Samoa was on Saturday, but from now on it will be on Sunday.

According to the last opinion, Sabbath observance is based on an existing Jewish community. If a traveler or tourist were to arrive on an island with no Jewish community, the traveler would continue to keep the Sabbath according to his or her individual count, as if still on a boat.[15] In Conclusion

While there are a number of opinions about the date line within Jewish law, the fact that a country decided to arbitrarily alter the date line has no bearing on the Sabbath, other than to mix up the names of the days. We still work for six days and rest on the seventh, the Sabbath.

It is important to note that this is but a brief overview, and while it seems that most of the communities in the questionable areas observe the Sabbath on Saturday, the laws are complex. One should consult a seasoned, knowledgeable rabbi before traveling.

See How Do We Know Which Day Is Shabbat? [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=C8F0C0DBEAFC5A40385C8F7321C9B4F9&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ] from our minisite on Shabbat [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=B647F81B67014833F04C8BE4E2898EC5&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ].


FOOTNOTES
1.Kuzari, 2:18–20.
2.Baal Hamaor, Rosh Hashanah 20b. We read in the Talmud there that a day may be declared Rosh Chodesh, first day of the new Jewish month, only if the new moon appeared in Israel by noon of that day—i.e., at least 6 hours before day's end. R. Zerachiah explains that this ensures that at least somewhere in the world there will be a full 24-hour day of Rosh Chodesh. This means that the day begins 6 hours east of Jerusalem, and the area just to its east is 24 hours behind it, and 18 hours behind Jerusalem.
3.Kuzari cited in note 1.
4.Rabbi Yitzchak Yisraeli, Yesod Olam 2:17 and 4:7–8.
5."Kuntres Shemoneh Esreh Shaot," printed in Chazon Ish, end of Hilchot Shabbat.
6.It should be noted that there are a number of difficulties with this approach (some of which have been noted and discussed by the Chazon Ish himself). The line 90° east of Jerusalem does not actually coincide with the eastern edge of the landmass on which Israel is located, but is partially to the east of it, in the Pacific Ocean. Additionally, the problem is not just that the landmass is split in half, but that if we go strictly by the 90° line, the majority of Australia would be on the east side of the date line (i.e., the side on which the United States is located), and only a small part would be on the west side, the side of Jerusalem. This would have meant that the Jewish community in Australia (which already existed at the time this question arose, during World War II), which was used to keeping the Sabbath on Saturday, was keeping the wrong day, and should have been keeping the Sabbath on Sunday. Therefore, the Chazon Ish was forced to say that the majority of Australia which is to the east of the 90° line is "drawn after" the small part which is to the west, in order that they continue to observe the Sabbath on the day they were accustomed. But many point out that it is illogical to say that the majority of the land gets drawn after after a small portion; see comments by the Rebbe (Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, of righteous memory), Shaarei Halachah Uminhag, vol. 2, p. 153. Furthermore, the commentaries of Rabbeinu Chananel, Rashi, Tosafot and Rabbi Abraham ben David on the Talmud (Rosh Hashanah loc. cit.) explain the statement there differently; according to them it is not referring to the date line and has no bearing on it.
7.Midrash Tanchuma, Kedoshim 10; Talmud, Yoma 54b; Zohar 2:157a–b.
8.Sefer Hayomam B'Kadur Ha'aretz, ch. 23. This would appear to be the opinion of the Yesod Olam (cited in note 4) as well.
9.See Talmud, Eruvin 76a; Yesod Olam, ibid.; Shaarei Halacha Uminhag ibid.
10.Responsa of Rabbi Hai Gaon, Otzar Hageonim, Rosh Hashanah, p. 21; "Pirush" on Maimonides' Mishneh Torah, Kiddush Hachodesh 9:3.
11.Responsa Bnei Tzion, vol. 1, 14:6, 13. It should be noted that there are other opinions similar, but not identical, to the one expressed by Rabbi Shapira. For example, Rabbi Binyamin Rabinowitz-Thumim, "Kuntres Gevul Yom" (published in the journal Hapardes, Iyar 5714 (1954)).Others, however, note that there are actually six opinions as to where the luminaries were set on the fourth day. Additionally, according to this opinion we are saying that a place other than Jerusalem is the center of the world, something which we do not find referenced anywhere in the Talmud or Midrash. See Hayomam Bekadur Haaretz, ch. 22, and Kav Hataarich Hayisraeli, ch. 27 (see also Agan Hasahar, p. 474). In addition, according this opinion, that the line bends does not follow the majority opinions, including that of the Geonim, Rabbi Eliyahu of Vilna (known as the Gra), and Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi in his prayerbook.
12.See responsa of Rabbi David ben Solomon ibn Zimra, the Radbaz, 1:76.
13.Kav Hataarich Hayisraeli. This is also the view of Rabbi Isser Zalman Meltzer, author of Even Ha'azel, in his approbation to this work, as well as Rabbi Tzvi Pesach Frank, Har Tzvi, Orach Chaim 138, based on the responsa of the Radbaz cited in the previous note.
14.This view is considered problematic. In numerous places in the Talmud we read while the sanctification of the moon, and the holidays that are dependent upon it, are dependent on the beth din (central Jewish court), the Sabbath is not, as it is already sanctified by G‑d. Additionally, it would come out that the day of the Sabbath in a given place can change, something that even R. Kasher agrees is problematic. See R. Tucazinsky's rejoinder to R. Kasher in Talpiot, Nissan 5704 (1944). R' Kasher actually advocated establishing the International Dateline as the dateline in Jewish law, but only with the agreement of the central rabbinic court in Israel. Until that is done, his opinion remains unchanged.
15.R. Kasher addresses this very situation in "Shabbat Bereishit—Shabbat Sinai," Talpiot, Tevet–Adar 5704 (1944).


- Rabbi Yehuda Shurpin responds to questions for Chabad.org's Ask the Rabbi [ http://link.Chabad.org/go.asp?li=B4A491F6F592144E426F5A2618C31178&ui=F8C16ABBBCDB72AD0024EE2F647D78D2 ] service.


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